Abraham ben Samuel Abulafia Essay Example for Free

Abraham ben Samuel Abulafia Essay It is commonly accepted that the research of the great historian of Jewish mysticism, Abraham ben Samuel Abulafia, opened the doors of the academy to Qabbalah. Far from us the intention of dulling the luster of his prodigious contribution in this respect, but it is a fact that at the time the young Berlin student set about writing his first essays, the critical study of the Qabbalah had already made great strides. Moreover, its trail had been partly blazed by Jew scholars who can claim to have played quite a considerable role, particularly in connection with the central problem of the Zohar, in forming the point of departure of the modem study of this discipline. Indeed, so distinguished by characteristic traits and original solutions is their contribution that it would not be an exaggeration to speak of a Jew school of Qabbalistic studies. Is it not highly significant that the central piece of Qabbalistic literaturethe Zoharwas twice translated on Jew soil, first into Latin by G. Postel in the sixteenth century and subsequently into Jewthe first into any modem languageby the mysterious Jean de Pauly at the beginning of this century? Fostered by a congenial intellectual atmosphere peculiar to the Jew, the study of Jewish esotericism got off to a precocious start in France in comparison to other European countries. The attainments of the humanists and evangelists of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries paved the way for the mystical philosophers and Martinists of the eighteenth century, who in turn ushered in the occultists of the nineteenth century. (Sassmitz, 1990) The present essay is an attempt to Abraham ben Samuel Abulafia who was a Jewish Sage in the years of his life, his character, and what he believed in and why he believed. Let it be made quite clear at the outset that our concern relates to the historical-critical study of the question and consequently deals all but incidentally with what A. E. Waite calls Kabbalism. Hence the theosophers and mystagogues of all shapes, from Eliphas Levi to A. Grad, not forgetting Papus and C. Suares, will only be of secondary interest to our theme. Though in many respects deserving of attention, their literary activity will be taken into account only insofar as it had real repercussions on the development of the Qabbalah as an academic discipline. That the theosophists and occultists did indeed exert such an influence is undeniable, even if it is solely through the efforts deployed by the scholars to dissipate the veil of confusion with which the former had enshrouded the whole question. In Jews two periods can be distinguished in the development of this field: on the one hand, an historical phase, preoccupied with the question of the antiquity of the Zohar, followed, on the other, by a bibliographical and doctrinal phase. The work of Adolphe Franck (1809-1893) marks the beginning of the first of these two periods, whereas the second was initiated, a century later, by the research of Georges Vajda (1907-1981). The latter, already under the sway of the impulse given to Qabbalistic studies by Abulafia, worked in harmony with both the school of Jerusalem and Alexander Altmann, of Manchester and later of Brandeis University. But these two tendencies also possess their pre-history, and it is first necessary to describe the framework within which each of these two schools evolved. At the outset of its diffusion in Europe, the Qabbalah was submitted to censure. One could almost claim that from the chronological point of view it is on Jew soil that the critical study of the Qabbalah was born. Indeed, it is in thirteenth-century Provence that the first critical appreciation of the Qabbalah was written by R. Meir ben Sim on of Narbonne (active 1250), who, in his Milhemet miswah, vituperates against the polytheistic implications of the sefirotic doctrine. (Sassmitz, 1990) But no real analytic debate got underway until the awakening of Christian interest in the Cabale in Renaissance times. Whereas the Platonists believed the secret doctrine of Israel was meant to conceal the primordial revelation common to all religions, for the Christian esotericists it prefigured the mystery of the Trinitarian doctrine, the very foundation of Christianity. In the Qabbalists they perceived the forerunners of the Christians and in Qabbalah, a secret justification of the evangelization of the Jews. In tenth-century France, the study of the Cabale occupied a place of honor amongst Christian intellectuals. Mention must above all be made of the orientalist and philosopher Guillaume Postel (1510-1581), to whom we owe the first Latin translation both of the Sefer yesirah (Paris, 1552) and of the Zohar (unpublished) prior even to the appearance of their printed texts. (Sassmitz, 1990) However, the evangelizing zeal of his compatriots and their theological prejudices hampered any critical perspectives in relation to the study of the Jewish esoteric tradition. Towards the end of the seventeenth century, opinions became increasingly diversified. The Qabbalah was thought to have in fact taught an elementary form of Spinozism and pantheism, and the Qabbalists were considered atheists unaware of their own irreligion. Of the scholars of this period, the academician Louis Jouard de la Nauze (1696-1773), defender of Newtons chronological system, stands out as an exceptional figure. Whereas his contemporaries ingeniously endeavored to demonstrate the Qabbalahs christological affinities, De la Nauze upheld in his historic article, Remarques sur lantiquite et lorigine de la Cabale, that the foundations of the Cabale [were] layed by the Saracens at the time the Jews lived in the Orient under their domination. The Saracens were Cabalists, and so were the Jews. (Sassmitz, 1990) At the beginning of the nineteenth century with the blossoming of the history of ideas, though the critical study of Qabbalah progressed, it nonetheless remained profoundly tainted by the spirit of the Renaissance. Depending on which scholar one was reading, the Qabbalah could become anything but Judaism. For Ferdinand Bauer it was an offshoot of Christian gnosis, while J. Kleuker assigned it a Persian origin and Augustus Tholuck pinpointed the preponderant influence of Sufism. (Sassmitz, 1990) A new era in the study of the Jewish mystical tradition was ushered in by the critical investigation of Judaism advocated by the Jewish intellectuals of Central Europe, partisans of the Haskalah. Though in addition to a solid rabbinical and general culture, these masters were possessed of scientific methods, they often exhibited an irrepressible repugnance towards Qabbalah. With few exceptions, the great scholars, such as L. Zunz, S. D. Luzzato, A. Geiger, H. Graetz, and M. Steinschneider, considered it an alien thorn in the side of the Synagogue, incompatible with the conceptions of the progressive rationalism they were striving to attribute to the genius of Israel. In the era of Aufklarung and the struggle for Jewish emancipation, it was imperative to represent the Synagogue as the standard-bearer of regeneracy and rationality in order to be accepted into modern society. The parsimony of references to Qabbalah in Julius Gutmanns Philosophie des Judentums, published in 1933, still reflects this contempt. For similar reasons, the contribution of German scholarship to this field, despite its abundance, was relatively thin and narrow in substance and incapable of casting off the tethers of tendentiousness. These scholars were principally concerned with minimalizing the importance of Qabbalistic influence on Jewish culture and with demonstrating the late composition of the Zohar in order to loosen the grip of its authority and domination, upheld in Europe by the hasidic camp, considered retrograde. The scientific paradigms elaborated by the Wissenschaft des Judentums served as an epistemological framework upon which the Jew science dejudaisme was to build. The first major Jew work specifically devoted to a detailed study of the Qabbalah, though not a direct offspring of the Wissenschaft, nonetheless partook of this current of investigation. La Kabbale ou la philosophie religieuse des hebreux, by Adolphe Franck, published in Paris in 1843, is a milestone in the annals of Qabbalistic research. Assuredly, it contributed more to the modern study of Qabbalah than any other single work prior to the labors of Abulafia. In addition to the fact of its having been based on philological, historical, and conceptual criteria, the originality of this book resided in the obvious empathy that the author displayed for his subject. Indeed, in contrast to many maskilim, Franck considered the Qabbalah to be an authentic Jewish phenomenon of major spiritual importance; hence he affirms: It is impossible to consider the Kabbalah as an isolated fact, as an accident in Judaism; on the contrary it is its very life and heart.

This Is Audie Murphy Essay -- essays research papers

This is Audie Murphy's life story. At the tender age of 12, he becomes the head of the family after his father deserts them. He joins the army at the age of 18 and through the course of the war is decorated for valor nine times thus becoming the most decorated combat soldier in World War II. Audie does one of the bravest acts any soldier ever did during the war. He climbs aboard a burning tank destroyer and single handedly keeps the enemy from advancing on his position. He spends almost an hour on top of the tank destroyer until his ammunition is exhausted. Seconds later after climbing off the tank destroyer, it explodes. For this action, Audie receives the Medal of Honor. PVT, AUS  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  30 Jun 42 PFC, AUS  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7 May 43 CPL, AUS  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  15 Jul 43 SGT, AUS  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  13 Dec 43 S/SGT, AUS  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  13 Jan 44 2d LT, AUS  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14 Oct 44 1st LT, AUS  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  16 Feb 45 1st LT, INF, ORC  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  21 Aug 45 CAPT, INF, TEX NG (Federal Recognition)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14 July 50 CAPT, INF, NGUS  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  19 Oct 50 MAJ, INF, TEX NG (Federal Recognition)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14 Feb 56 MAJ, INF, NGUS  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14 Feb 56 MAJ, INF, USAR  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8 Nov 66 SERVICE Audie L. Murphy enlisted in the Army of the United States, 30 June 1942, at Dallas, Te...

Group Working Skills

There are increasingly more people considering that group work is quite significant. Group work may be defined as a mode of cooperative learning, it aims to develop students' knowledge, cater for individual differences, generic skills and attitudes. Whether students are studying or employees are working, group work is able to demonstrate their comprehensive skills. Nonetheless, other people state that group work enables them too dependent on others, and gradually were losing the ability to think by themselves; whereas my conviction is that group work allows students to learn team working skills.Furthermore, it helps students training their sense of responsibility. In this essay, I will analyses how our group performs, regarding roles and cohesiveness. Regarding roles, which can be defined as people have a common goal when they work together, it also occurs in students groups. Each individual group member will have a particular position and function in it. Roles consist of group task roles, group maintenance roles and self-seeking roles. Group task roles are related to accomplish tasks and to achieve goals of the group.In my academic career I have taken part in several groups. Actually, I now play the part of evaluator. For instance, my group ember gives me some advice; I decide which ideas are good or bad. This is important because I will receive a good deal of ideas from my partner; it provides our group with the opportunity have a choice process. This helps our group to achieve are student group need to beware of pursuing the task at the expense of maintaining relationships. † This meaner, group maintenance roles are linked to interpersonal relationships.In my group I play the role of harmonies, my responsibility is conflict- resolving. Group unity is very important for the team work and members. If our group does not have unity, the group cannot do anything. For example, if the group members have conflict with others, they may not be successful when wo rking together. An understanding of unity can help us to deal with many questions with members to achieve common purpose. Whether in the large or small group, the unity is the most important factor.Regarding self-seeking roles, Payne E and Whittaker L (2000) state that â€Å"Self-seeking roles are more likely to be an indicator of an individual student's personality'. This is to say, self-seeking roles reflect personality. I play the role of aggressor, in my group; I will criticism my partner and argue with reasonable mints put forward by others. I do so because not only it enables my partner to improve themselves but it also allows our team to progress. Finally, in my point of view, high cohesiveness is the most concepts in group work.As the proverb goes, solidarity meaner strength; solidarity meaner victory. â€Å"Cohesiveness is a measure of the attraction of the group to its members, the sense of team spirit, and the willingness of its members to coordinate their efforts† (2011 Oxford Brooked University) So, when member working at university or company, they should share more particular information and individual skills, good cohesiveness should built a tuneful relationships. Sometimes, high cohesiveness enables group members to increase trust and confidence.These benefit of building a good communication; it allows my group members to enhance their friendship. In my group, part of members' hard working and have a high efficiency to finish the work, they will help other members to provide more good ideas to finish the work. Conclusion In summary, this essay has discussed that the group working skills are helpful for students or employees to achieve the tasks. In my view group task roles, group maintenance roles and self-seeking roles are the most important in group work.

Adidas Products And Services - 1665 Words

Products and Services Adidas is in the business to create sporting merchandise and promote a sporting lifestyle. In 1990, Adidas split its brand into three classifications, each with a different emphasis. This was a technique of sectioning the market and aiming at potential customers with a variety of different hobbies. The three groups include: Adidas performance, Adidas Originals, and Style Essentials. Adidas has over 2,400 stores worldwide. Environmental Analysis In the 2000s, when a lot of people worry that we are utilizing our resources too much, it is extremely vital to not only be socially sensitive but also sustainably sensitive. Adidas is partnering with the Better Cotton Initiative (BCI) to achieve â€Å"improvements in the social and environmental conditions of cotton production† (BCI). It will shrink the usage of pesticides in its manufacturing, and develop a better running irrigation system in order to make it more effective without wasting water. This will grow peoples overall health and aid in making clean water easily accessible in regions where cotton farming is on a industrial level (Brazil, China, India, Pakistan, US, Uzbekistan). One goal for Adidas is for 40% of its cotton to meet BCI standards by 2015, and 100% by 2018. Its plan is to reduce â€Å"its environmental impact by 15 percent by 2015 (The Adidas Group).† This shows Adidas’ group emphasis with respect to its marketing management philosophy, and is rated positively in customers’ and stakeholders’ eyes.Show MoreRelatedMarketing Strategy Michael E. Porter s The Five Forces Model1543 Words   |  7 Pagesexternal competitive factors of â€Å"Adidas† sports brand company by applying Michael Porter’s theoretical frameworks that can be used to develop successful strategy for taking the company forward. Introduction of Adidas The global retail sporting goods market is enormous, â€Å"The market is forecast to reach an estimated $266 billion in 2017†. (Thomasson, 2014)Adidas AG international largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe and second biggest in the world after Nike. â€Å"Adidas business was founded in a villageRead MoreAdidas1306 Words   |  6 Pagesdecision problem What can Adidas do to expand its market share to become number one sportswear company in Malaysia? Marketing research problem Determine the sportswear users’ preferences and perception of customers toward Adidas sportswear. 1.2 Research questions 1.What are the main considerations of the consumers in sportswear buying? 2.What is the customers’ satisfaction level toward various attributes of Adidas products? 3.Are the customers loyal to Adidas? 1.3 Hypotheses 1. ConsumersRead MoreMarketing Strategies For Nike And Adidas1317 Words   |  6 Pagesmany forms of strategies that a company can utilize to develop their product or service into the market industry. Not having a strategic plan or goal can be very challenging. Therefore, it is vital to have an idea of the business because this can affect how the consumers and customers interact with your business. Within this paper, promotional and advertising strategies will be discussed for the sports apparel of Nike and Adidas. According to the research, promotional strategy is a two-way interactionRead MoreThe Entrepreneurial Management Model As Described By Rae1534 Words   |  7 Pageswill analyse Adidas, a holding company for the Adidas Group* (footnote) and the largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe and the second biggest in the world. ‘Since it was established in Germany in 1949, by Adolf Dassler, Adidas has been synonymous with the sporting industry. Today, Adidas is a global public company and is one of the largest sports brands in the world. It is a household brand name with its three stripes logo recognized in markets across the world. The company’s product portfolio isRead MoreAdidas 2008 Study Case1488 Words   |  6 PagesAdidas in 2008: has corporate reestructuring increased shareholder value February 25, 2010 ADIDAS IN 2008: HAS CORPORATE REESTRUCTURING INCREASE SHAREHOLDER VALUE? 1. Introduction (History) Gebrà ¼der Dassler Schuhfabrik was established in Germany around 1920 by two brothers Adolf Dassler and Rudolf Dassler whom in 1948 decided to separate and created their own firms. The first one called Adidas (Adolf-Adi) and the second Puma. After the World Cup in 1954 Adidas become in a famousRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Nike, Adidas, Aon, And Nike1161 Words   |  5 Pagesobjectives may incorporate maximization of profits and increasing the sales volume of the company’s products. When two businesses contend, each has the intention of offering the best favorable terms to woe more customers. The sports industry is not any exception. The industry confronts lots of competition amongst its key players. The major players as discussed in the industry analysis paper are Puma, Adidas, AON, and Nike. This essay entails a discussion of the competitive strategies each firm hasRead More4ps of Marketing Essay992 Words   |  4 PagesExercise 1: a) Identify any product and explain the 4P’s in the SAVE perspective b) For the product chosen take any two competing brands and compare the net customer delivered value for both of them from your perspective. c) Find a colleague at work, or a friend or family member, and for the same product or any other product that the person is comfortable with (maybe something they want to purchase), help evaluate two competing brands from a net customer delivered value perspective. Read MoreThe Under Armour, Inc., And The Adidas Group1634 Words   |  7 Pagesand youth primarily in North America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Asia-Pacific, and Latin America. The company is in direct competition with Nike, Inc. and The Adidas Group. Therefore, this paper will further attempt to evaluate the pressure exerted by various competitive forces on Under Armour (UA), Nike (NKE), and The Adidas Group (AG); then the core competencies, resource strengths, or competitive capabilities of Under Armour will discussed. To help develop an excellent business strategyRead MoreThe Global Economy1112 Words   |  5 Pagesknow of today would conceivably collapse. Where the internet makes it easy to order products and supplies for consumers and retailers all over the world that convenience would obviously be lost if the internet would cease to exist and import and export markets throughout the globe would surely crumble. Some may see thi s view as a dramatic interpretation, but just thinking about all of the products and services that are managed by the use of the internet today, it really sheds light on how dependentRead MoreSwot Analysis for Adidas970 Words   |  4 Pagesanalysis for Adidas 1. For more than 80 years Adidas Group is involved in world of sport at every level. Specifically, providing sport people with footwear, clothing and great range of accessories. In addition it has a big portfolio of products which are available everywhere in the world. Company concentrates its strategy on strengthening their brands and products in order to improve competitiveness and financial performance. Their portfolio includes such brands as: Adidas - Footwear, apparel

The Theory Of Nursing Theory - 1463 Words

By definition theory is a proposal fostered to support a set of observations, a recognized statement of tentative knowledge depicting how various thoughts and concepts are connected to each other (Merriam-Webster, 2015). During my undergraduate studies my exposure to nursing theory was limited to mostly to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, a non-nursing theory. During this assignment I will expand my knowledge on the topic of nursing theory by explaining the importance of nursing theory. I will explore Imogene King’s Conceptual Framework and Theory of Goal Attainment and how it pertains to Emergency Nursing. Nursing leaders who strived to explain connections and interactions inside nursing practice develop nursing theory. These models provide the foundation of professional nursing practice, spawn additional knowledge and influence the course of nursing’s future. They furnish information pertaining to: definitions of nursing, nursing practice, principles that form t he foundation for practice, and goals and functions of nursing care (Cardinal Stritch University, 2014). Not only do these principles focus on the issues nurses face daily, they are also multifaceted involving abundant concrete and imperceptible elements (Sitzman Wright-Elschberger, 2015). Nursing theory is essential to the profession as it specifies a construct for decisions and practice for the discipline of nursing. It distinguishes what shapes the foundation of practice by plainly illustratingShow MoreRelatedNursing Theories Of A Nursing Theory923 Words   |  4 PagesA nursing theory can be defined as the concepts and assumptions used to explain, predict and control the practice of nursing. These theories provide a systematic view of the profession by organizing the relationships between all of the phenomena (i.e. events, people, and actions) that are associated with practice (Current Nursing, 2012). Nursing theories serve multiple purposes within the profession such as indi cating the direction in which the practice will advance over time by predicting futureRead MoreNursing Theories Of The Nursing Theory1398 Words   |  6 PagesNursing theories provide a foundation for nurses to professionally base their judgment of care. Florence Nightingale was one of the first nursing theorists. Theories composed by Nightingale were comprised of practice-based theories and environmental theories. Nightingale’s environmental theory is composed of 13 cannons which are fundamental to her theory. Nightingale’s theories continue to be used by present day nurses and nursing students. Theories are incorporated into nursing students’ educationRead MoreNursing Theories Of A Nursing Theory939 Words   |  4 Pagesexplains what a nursing theory is and what a nursing theory is composed of. To further explain nursing theories, Virginia Henderson’s nursing theory is explained in further detail. This paper tells of how Virginia Henderson got sta rted and how her theory came about. In addition, the fourteen main points of her theory will be defined, as well as how they can be applied to real-world nursing. Keywords: nursing theory, Virginia Henderson, Need Theory By definition, a nursing theory is â€Å"a set of conceptsRead MoreNursing Theories And Theories Of Nursing3078 Words   |  13 Pages Patricia Benner Nursing Theorist Group Five Beth-El College of Nursing and Health Sciences University of Colorado Colorado Springs NURS 3040: Foundations of Nursing Patricia Benner Nursing Theorist Theory, what is a theory? According to Blais Hayes, (2011) â€Å"A theory is a supposition or idea that is proposed to explain a given phenomenon. Theories differ in their scope and have been categorized in different ways. One of those categorizations schemes divide them into categories accordingRead MoreTheories And Theories Of Nursing Essay1211 Words   |  5 PagesMcEwin and Ellis, theory in nursing â€Å"offers structure and organization to nursing knowledge and provides a systematic means of collecting data to describe, explain, and predict nursing practice† (McEwen Wills, 2014, p. 25). Theories in nursing are what distinguish it from other professions and help to create professional boundaries (McEwen Wills, 2014)Click and drag to move. When theories are applied in the nursing process, there are various concepts from the respective theory that are introducedRead MoreThe Theory Of Nursing Theory1570 Words   |  7 PagesImportance of Theory Fran Lauriha Chamberlain College of nursing Importance of Theory There are many ideas about theory in nursing. The definition of nursing theory is a group of concepts that can be tested, changed or used to guide research (McEwen Willis, 2014). This writer was exposed to theory in under-graduate classes but in the last four years of practice hasn’t put a lot of thought into nursing theory. Although, knowing and understanding that nursing theory is part of daily nursing practiceRead MoreThe Theory Of Nursing Theory1501 Words   |  7 PagesChamberlain College of Nursing. NR 501 Theoretical Basis Adv. Nursing. Introduction Nursing theory is a belief, policy, procedure proposed or followed as the basis of the action. It is used as the basis to organize framework of concepts and purposes designed to guide the practice of nursing. Nursing theory started in the 1800 when emphasis was on nursing education. Most of the nursing theories were proposed by nursesRead MoreThe Theory Of Nursing Theory812 Words   |  4 PagesTheory is the backbone to nursing as it gives nurses a framework and an idea of what they do and, most importantly, why they do it. Nursing theory means many different things to people and to only give credit to one definition would not be fair. Therefore, the definition of theory alone is, â€Å"the doctrine or principles underlying an art as distinguished from the practice of that particular art† (Theory, n.d). This definition is particularly useful because nursing is an art as well as a scienceRead MoreThe Theory Of Nursing Theory1417 Words   |  6 PagesImportance of Theory There are many ideas about theory in nursing. The definition of nursing theory is a group of concepts that can be tested, changed or used to guide research (McEwen Willis, 2014). This writer was exposed to theory in under-graduate classes and understands the importance of theory to her nursing practice. This paper will review the importance of nursing theory. It will also focus on Patricia Benner’s Novice to Expert Theory. Importance of Theory Many nurse theorists haveRead MoreNursing Theory : Transcultural Nursing Theories1168 Words   |  5 Pages Nursing Theory: Transcultural Nursing Theory Raymonde Alphonse Miami Dade College Nursing Theory: Transcultural Nursing Theory General Perspective to the Nurse, the Patient, the Environment, Health, Illness, and Wellness Transcultural nursing theory by Madeleine Leininger has general perspectives to the nurse, patient, environment, health, illness, and wellness. According to the caregivers, transcultural nursing theory by Madeleine Leininger is one of the most effective philosophies on

History of Caribbean Education - 1413 Words

THE COMMONWEALTH CARIBBEAN/BRITISH CARIBBEAN is the term applied to the English- speaking islands in the Carribbean and the mainland nations of Belize (formerly British Honduras) and Guyana (formerly British Guiana) that once constituted the Caribbean portion of the British Empire. This volume examines only the islands of the Commonwealth Caribbean, which are Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, the Windward Islands (Dominica, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Grenada), Barbados, the Leeward Islands (Antigua and Barbuda, St. Christopher [hereafter, St. Kitts] and Nevis, the British Virgin Islands, Anguilla, and Montserrat), and the so-called Northern Islands (the Bahamas, the Cayman Islands, and the Turks and Caicos Islands).†¦show more content†¦Competing Protestant denominations--the Church of England, the Baptists, the Moravians, the Wesleyans, and the Presbyterians--and the Jesuits operated a vast system of elementary and secondary schools. At the end of the ninete enth century, the churches monopolized elementary education in Jamaica and Barbados and ran a majority of the primary schools in Trinidad, Grenada, and Antigua. The most outstanding secondary schools--St. Georges College, Kingston College, Jamaica College, Calabar High School, and the York Castle High School in Jamaica; Harrison College, Codrington College, the Lodge School, and the Queens College in Barbados; and Queens College, St. Marys, and Naparima in Trinidad--as well as the principal grammar schools in the Bahamas, Antigua, St. Kitts, and Grenada owe their origins to the religious denominations. Each territory had a board of education, which supervised both government and religious schools. Government assistance slowly increased until by the middle of the twentieth century the state eventually gained control over all forms of education. Although far from perfect--most colonies still spent more on prisons than on schools--public education fired the ambitions of the urban poor. Based on the British system--even to the use of British textbooks and examinations--the colonial Caribbean educational system was never modified to local circumstances. Nevertheless, it created a cadre of leaders throughout the regionShow MoreRelatedCARICOM ACHIEVEMENTS1541 Words   |  7 PagesForeign Affairs 4th Future Diplomats Essay Competition The Caribbean Community (CARICOM) is celebrating 40 years of integration in 2013. Discuss the achievements of CARICOM in light of the statement and make suggestions for future development. Kerri Mc Neil Happy fortieth anniversary to the Caribbean Community (CARICOM)! An establishment which has transgressed shared colonial history; propelling its fifteen member states and five associate Read MoreEducation in the Caribbean Essay727 Words   |  3 PagesEducation in the Caribbean According to Emille Durkheim, â€Å"Education is the acquisition of knowledge and the learning of skills. It often helps to shape beliefs and moral values.† Education is one of the very tools through which social change and transformation can be achieved. Education, and in particular the teaching of history provides a link between the student and society and also a sense of belonging. The teaching of history helps to shape an individual’s belief’sRead MoreAn Active Role in Shaping History Essay1590 Words   |  7 PagesAn Active Role in Shaping History From the beginning of their colonization and enslavement, the histories of the Africans and the African-descended were shaped ultimately by outsiders. The colonization of Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America were all controlled and executed by the Europeans. The slave trade and plantations were also under the power of whites. Even the emancipation of slaves, though the African-descended definitely contributed, was mostly shaped by and a result of decisionsRead MoreEssay on Sweetness and Power624 Words   |  3 PagesPlace of Sugar in Modern History Some of the most brilliant minds have made many unorthodox suggestions. This is the case with Sidney Mintzs thesis in Sweetness and Power: The Place of Modern History. Mintzs suggestions that industrial capitalism originated in the Caribbean sugar plantations may seem to contradict the European version of world history fed to most of the Western world, but is nevertheless supported by substantial evidence. In general, Western educati on has conditioned students toRead MoreGender inequality: Male underachievement1304 Words   |  6 Pagesunderperformance in schools have become major issues in the Caribbean, and affect the individuals involved and the society on a whole. Boys’ underachievement therefore should not be ignored and an analysis of this subject is necessary for a start to a solution. Male underachievement exists in Caribbean countries such as Barbados, Jamaica, Grenada and Trinidad and Tobago among others. Three main causes of male underperformance in Caribbean schools are improper gender socialisation, unequal opportunityRead More Sweetness and Power Essays610 Words   |  3 PagesPlace of Sugar in Modern History Some of the most brilliant minds have made many unorthodox suggestions. This is the case with Sidney Mintz’s thesis in Sweetness and Power: The Place of Modern History. Mintz’s suggestions that industrial capitalism originated in the Caribbean sugar plantations may seem to contradict the European version of world history fed to most of the Western world, but is nevertheless supported by substantial evidence. In general, Western education has conditioned studentsRead MoreEssay on Jamaica: History, Government, People, Religion1238 Words   |  5 PagesJamaica: History, Government, People, Religion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jamaica is a tropical island, located in the heart of the Caribbean Sea. Around the coastlines are beautiful beaches with crystal clear blue-green water. In some respects, this is the majority of what people know about Jamaica. In this orientation text you will better understand Jamaica’s history, the people who live there, the many different religions, geography, and governments that have ruled the land.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The land of Jamaica is veryRead MoreJamaican History Essay1309 Words   |  6 PagesJamaica: History, Government, People, Religion Jamaica is a tropical island, located in the heart of the Caribbean Sea. Around the coastlines are beautiful beaches with crystal clear blue-green water. In some respects, this is the majority of what people know about Jamaica. In this orientation text you will better understand Jamaicas history, the people who live there, the many different religions, geography, and governments that have ruled the land. The land of Jamaica is very small. TheRead MoreOpression of Caribbean Peole817 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion: Using examples from the Caribbean, explain how Caribbean people throughout history has responded to oppression. The Caribbean, known as a group of islands located in the Caribbean Sea, is inhabited by a mixture of people of diverse races, cultures, personalities and beliefs; the end result of slavery and oppression. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, oppression can be defined as â€Å"Prolonged cruel or unjust treatment or control; or the state of beingRead MoreCaribbean Literature1477 Words   |  6 PagesCaribbean Literature INTRODUCTION The evolution of Caribbean Literature started centuries before the Europeans graced these shores and continues to develop today. Quite noticeably, it developed in a manner which transcended all language barriers and cultures. Today the languages of the Caribbean are rooted in that of the colonial powers - France, Britain, Spain and Holland - whose historical encounters are quite evident throughout the region. The cosmopolitan nature of the regions language and

Digital Marketing Strategy Jojoba Company â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Digital Marketing Strategy For Jojoba Company? Answer: Introducation Ian Turner and Vicki Engsall founded Jojoba Company in Australia in the year 2008. The company has a wide range of products which include anti aging products, body lotion, bread facial cleansers and moisturizers. The company has a website which provides information about the brand, has testimonials from customers and the website is easy to navigate, however Jojoba Company has not adopted modern digital technology to promote its band on digital platforms. The Jojoba Company should make use of Twitter platform, Youtube and Facebook to promote its products to global customers. Designing mobile app for easy payment and using data mining tools to monitor shopping behavior of customers can help the company in brand promotion in digital platform. The brand needs more exposure on digital platforms to gain customer loyalty and credibility. Use of digital strategy is also effective in customer retention and making repeat purchase from customers (Labrecque et al 2013) The Reason Behind Why Jojoba Company Is Unsuccessful In Digital Marketing Strategy Jojoba Company has not made enough attempts to make its brand interactive in the digital platform. The company website, social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram , Pinterest, Youtube and digital marketing tools like email marketing and data mining are not managed in an integrated manner by the company. There should be a separate digital marketing team to handle the digital platforms. In todays digital usage of smart-phones and mobile apps by customers are more popular than the usage of Personal computers. Customers use the mobile phone platforms to search about product information and make payments. However, Jojoba Company does not make have linkage with mobile app that can enable customers to pay easily. The choice of digital platform is very important, for instance, for a beauty product company Instagram is highly effective because of its visual effect. The Jojoba Company has not utilized this platform effectively (Killian and McManus 2015). Posting of interactive pi ctures about the products of the company as well as posting pictures of how the company manufactures its products and cares about environmental sustainability and corporate social responsibility can make the company connect with customers in Instagram. Twitter and Youtube are not effectively used by the company, the company also focuses on Australian market and does not have a global customer base, which makes it difficult for the company to gain brand exposure on digital platforms. The company website of Jojoba Company has lot of information about the brand, however the company has not effectively used Facebook to target specific customers. The digital marketing team does not interact with customers and addresses their complaints on digital platform regularly. The Jojoba Company does not make proper use of digital marketing tools like email marketing and data mining and thus the brand is unsuccessful in digital marketing strategy (Jrvinen and Karjaluoto 2015). The Target Customer Of The Brand The Jojoba Company has targeted customers in the age group 15-60.These customers include young, middle-aged and old women. The brand also targets male customers with product ranges like bead facial cleansers. The Company is not successful in meeting the needs/wants of customers on digital platform because the brand is not made interactive in the digital platforms. The brand has not effectively used digital marketing tools like data mining to understand the shopping behavior of its targeted customers and thus fails to advertise itself properly on the digital platforms. The Jojoba Company has a website that provides a lot of information about the brand and the website is easy to navigate but the company fails to interact with the customers on digital platforms, feedbacks of customers and customer complaints are not effectively handled on digital platform. The Company has not made payments easier and safe for customers on mobile platforms. The brand fails to gain credibility of customer s on Youtube and Instagram as the Company does not provide information about Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainability and fails to connect with members of its community on these platforms. Visuals and pictures and brand personality elements are well used for brand exposure and attractiveness on digital platforms. Customers needs are often unique and they provide a lot of feedback on digital platforms. Jojoba Company fails to provide tailor-made and customizable services to customers on digital platforms (Stephen 2016). Implementation Of Facebook Jojoba Company should have an optimized Facebook Page to connect with its target customers. The Company first needs to identify its digital marketing goals related to Facebook. The brand can increase awareness and exposure on Facebook with a specific goal like 1000 new likes every quarter in the Facebook Page. The company should be able to create an engaged community via Facebook. The Company should be able to gain trust and credibility of customers on Facebook. People Talking About This figure (PTAT) is an engagement matrix that can be used to measure the customer loyalty of the brand on Facebook. The Company should showcase its products knowledge and form an interactive brand on Facebook. Jojoba Company can gather leads on Facebook by conducting contests, free webinars with offers or can give away a freebie related to the product. Google Analytics should be used by Jojoba Company to track conversations and ad conversations should be used to monitor ads. The Company should research on its customers and competitors and understand where its customers are spending time by Facebook tools (Chaffey, Smith and Smith 2013). The Company should set up an Editorial Calendar with good content and should design an Activity Calendar. The Jojoba Company should measure its progress on Facebook using Faebook Insights to have an idea of its engaged customers by the number of its shares, likes and comments and can also contemplate on which content is working for the brand on Facebook (Ramsaran-Fowdar and Fowdar 2013). Implementation Of Instagram The Jojoba Company can engage community on Instagram by making use of hashtag, the brand should also support a good social cause on this site to gain credibility of customers (Briscoe 2014).The Company should buy Instagram ads and can include a link on landing page which will boost traffic to its site. Jojoba Company should have a Bio that is informative on its Instagram page to have followers. The name and photo used in Instagram should be similar with that used in all other social platforms. The Company should create Instagram Posts that are attractive and will gain followers. Creative photos should be used to promote the product of the company on Instagram. The photos should be of professional size and tools in Instagram like Mayfair Filter can be used to attract followers (Ryan 2016) Use Of Twitter To Promote The Brand The Company should express the voice and opinion and values of its brand via Twitter. Jojoba Company should create live video by using Vine and broadcast live on Periscope to teleport across globes and gain global customers in Twitter. Jojoba Company can make its brand interactive by using visual expressions and hashtags. The brand should promote its values and culture via Twitter and can publish a story of the brand experience using tweets. The Company can use a Twiiter card which will require customers to post certain number of tweets which will enable them to see the companys add campaign in Twitter. The company can add brand elements like humor and can add a brand personality to its brand using visuals and characters in Twitter (Stone and Woodcock 2014). Conclusion Thus it is of paramount importance for a Jojoba Company to promote itself on digital platforms to gain its competitive position in the digital world. The brand should be able to engage a loyal customer base on digital platforms. Also customers may spread negative word-of mouth via digital platforms and social networking sites. Jojoba brand should be able to interact address customers complains and incorporate their feedbacks on social media platforms. The sales target of the company will be better achieved if digital tools are used and the company will be able to gain exposure by adopting an efficient digital strategy. Promoting the brand on digital platforms will enable the Company to gain global exposures, however the choice of the digital platform is of paramount importance because the strategy to promote products in one platform can be different from another Reference Lists Chaffey, D., Smith, P.R. and Smith, P.R., 2013.eMarketing eXcellence: Planning and optimizing your digital marketing. Routledge. Jrvinen, J. and Karjaluoto, H., 2015. The use of Web analytics for digital marketing performance measurement.Industrial Marketing Management,50, pp.117-127. Ryan, D., 2016.Understanding digital marketing: marketing strategies for engaging the digital generation. Kogan Page Publishers. Stone, M.D. and Woodcock, N.D., 2014. Interactive, direct and digital marketing: A future that depends on better use of business intelligence.Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing,8(1), pp.4-17. Levy, S. and Gvili, Y., 2015. How credible is e-word of mouth across digital-marketing channels?.Journal of Advertising Research,55(1), pp.95-109. Labrecque, L.I., vor dem Esche, J., Mathwick, C., Novak, T.P. and Hofacker, C.F., 2013. Consumer power: Evolution in the digital age.Journal of Interactive Marketing,27(4), pp.257-269. Stephen, A.T., 2016. The role of digital and social media marketing in consumer behavior.Current Opinion in Psychology,10, pp.17-21. Briscoe, G., 2014. Digital innovation: The hackathon phenomenon. Killian, G. and McManus, K., 2015. A marketing communications approach for the digital era: Managerial guidelines for social media integration.Business Horizons,58(5), pp.539-549. Ramsaran-Fowdar, R.R. and Fowdar, S., 2013. The implications of Facebook marketing for organizations.Contemporary Management Research,9(1), p.73.